Scientia: Social Sciences & Humanities publishes proceedings or articles from conferences in the social, law, educational, economic, cultural, humanitarian and wider scientific fields. All proceedings in this series are open access i.e. articles published in it are free to read, download, copy & distribute permanently. Each volume is published under a CC BY-NC 4.0 user license which defines the permitted third party reuse of articles. The online publication of each proceeding is sponsored by the conference organizers in collaboration with AMCA Press.
The Penetration of Military and Political Lexicon into Modern Media Discourse: Linguistic and Pragmatic Perspectives
The increasing hybridization of media language in the context of globalization and digital communication has led to a noticeable expansion of military and political lexicon beyond its original functional domains. Contemporary media discourse increasingly relies on conflict-oriented vocabulary to construct, interpret, and frame socio-political realities. This study investigates the linguistic mechanisms and pragmatic functions underlying the penetration of military and political terminology into modern media discourse. Employing critical discourse analysis, conceptual metaphor theory, and pragmatic-semantic interpretation, the research analyzes a corpus of international media texts, political speeches and digital news content. The findings reveal that military and political lexicon is systematically integrated into media discourse through metaphorization, semantic extension, and ideological framing strategies. These processes contribute to the emotionalization of information, simplification of complex socio-political processes, and reinforcement of ideological polarization. The study argues that media discourse has become a space where linguistic militarization plays a central role in shaping collective cognition and public opinion formation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdusalomov Firuz Abdukholikovich (Author)
Formative Feedback and Learner Autonomy in English Language Teaching: Methodological Conditions for Active Learning in Higher Education
This thesis examines the role of formative feedback in developing learner autonomy in English language teaching at the higher education level. The issue is relevant because modern language education requires students not only to complete classroom tasks, but also to understand their own learning process, evaluate progress and make conscious decisions about further improvement. The study is based on the methodological assumption that feedback becomes effective when it does not merely correct errors, but guides learners toward self-regulation, reflection and purposeful language practice. Hattie and Timperley’s feedback model is useful here because it treats feedback as information that should clarify learning goals, current performance and the next steps in learning. Learner autonomy is also a key theoretical reference, since Holec’s classical work defines it as the learner’s capacity to take responsibility for learning decisions. The thesis argues that formative feedback, when systematically organized, can strengthen students’ motivation, self-assessment skills and active participation in English language learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tuxtasinov Ilkhomjon Madaminovich (Author)
Language and Education Issues in a Multilingual Environment in Uzbekistan
This article discusses the issues of language and education, the historical roots of bilingualism in Uzbekistan, the growing need to acquire Western and Eastern languages in today’s multilingual environment in the republic, continuous and field-specific foreign language teaching, the application and teaching of the Uzbek language, existing problems, and reflections on their elimination.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mukhitdinova Khadicha Sobirovna (Author)
Uzbekistan Strengthens Its Role in International Environmental Policy
This paper examines Uzbekistan’s environmental governance, biodiversity conservation, and climate change initiatives within the framework of regional and international cooperation. As one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world, Uzbekistan possesses diverse ecosystems, including deserts, mountains, wetlands, and river valleys, which require comprehensive environmental management. Since joining the Global Environment Facility (GEF) in 1995, the country has implemented numerous projects aimed at biodiversity conservation, ecosystem restoration, sustainable land management, low-carbon transportation, and the elimination of ozone-depleting substances. Financial support from the GEF has strengthened Uzbekistan’s capacity to fulfil its international environmental commitments and promote sustainable development. The paper also highlights Uzbekistan’s growing leadership in regional environmental diplomacy through its active participation in the Regional Environmental Summit (RES 2026), the Central Asian Conference on Climate Change (CACC-2026), and the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS). Furthermore, it discusses Uzbekistan’s role as the host of the Eighth Global Environment Facility Assembly in Samarkand, which serves as a global platform for addressing climate change, biodiversity conservation, water resource management, land degradation, and the transition to a green economy. Overall, the study demonstrates that Uzbekistan has become an influential regional actor in advancing environmental sustainability, fostering international partnerships, and promoting coordinated actions to address transboundary environmental and climate challenges in Central Asia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mudarisova R.Kh, Mukhiddinov N.M. (Author)
Professional Discourse in Customer Service Communication
Customer service communication has become an important sphere of professional and institutional interaction in the contemporary globalized world. English-speaking customer service representatives are expected not only to resolve customer-related issues effectively but also to maintain politeness, professionalism, and communicative competence during interaction. This study investigates professional discourse in customer service communication with particular attention to its linguistic and pragmatic characteristics. The research focuses on politeness strategies, empathy expressions, indirect speech acts, and formal communicative structures commonly employed in customer support interactions. The study applies qualitative research methods to the analysis of authentic customer service materials collected from online chat support, email correspondence, and call-center transcripts. The findings demonstrate that politeness strategies play a significant role in reducing communicative tension, increasing customer satisfaction, and maintaining institutional professionalism. In addition, intercultural communicative competence is identified as an essential component of effective communication in international customer service environments characterized by linguistic and cultural diversity. The study contributes to the fields of pragmatics and discourse analysis by emphasizing the role of professional discourse in institutional communication and customer relationship management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuldasheva Dildorakhan Tojialievna, Abdullaeva Muxtasar Abdulla kizi (Author)
A Translation Model for Terminological Units in Official Correspondence in the Sphere of Education
This article investigates the translation of terminological units in official educational correspondence, focusing on their linguistic, semantic, and functional characteristics. The study emphasizes the importance of accuracy and consistency in translating institutional documents such as official letters, agreements, and academic communications. A structured translation model is proposed, incorporating stages of term identification, semantic analysis, equivalent selection, contextual adaptation, and standardization. The findings demonstrate that the application of this model enhances translation adequacy and ensures effective cross-cultural communication in the educational domain.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khusanboy Yuldashev (Author)
Challenges in Teaching English to Turkic Language Speakers
The article analyzes typical difficulties encountered by native speakers of Turkic languages (Turkish, Azerbaijani, Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, etc.) when learning English. The aim is to systematize the main areas of cross-linguistic interference at phonetic, grammatical, lexical, and syntactic levels. In phonetics, problems include English front vowels, interdental consonants [, ð], absence of vowel harmony, and fixed stress. Grammatical difficulties involve the lack of article category in Turkic languages, differences in aspectual-temporal systems (especially perfect forms), word order (SOV vs. SVO), and complex sentence construction. Lexical interference manifests through false friends, calquing, and different collocational patterns. Sociocultural and psychological factors are also considered: differences in speech etiquette, politeness strategies, and educational traditions. Based on the analysis, methodological recommendations are proposed: using a contrastive approach, systematic training of problematic phonemes, practicing articles and tenses, developing metalinguistic awareness. The article is intended for English teachers working in Turkic-speaking environments and for researchers in contact linguistics. The results can be applied to create specialized teaching materials and correct typical errors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Niyadullayeva Sabrina (Author)
The Importance of Artificial Intelligence in the Modern Education System
This article analyzes the role and significance of artificial intelligence technologies in the modern education system. It examines the advantages of using AI in education, its impact on improving educational quality, and its role in developing personalized learning environments. Furthermore, the study discusses the influence of AI-based platforms on distance education, automated assessment systems, and pedagogical efficiency. Ethical and technological challenges related to artificial intelligence are also highlighted. The research concludes that artificial intelligence serves as an important innovative tool for improving the effectiveness and accessibility of education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rustamova Muzayyana, Zarifa Ismoilova (Author)
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Education and Societal Development
Artificial Intelligence has become one of the most transformative technologies of the 21st century, significantly influencing education systems and societal development. This article explores the current challenges associated with the integration of AI in education, including digital inequality, ethical concerns and the lack of teacher preparedness. Furthermore, it highlights practical solutions such as policy reforms, digital literacy enhancement and the development of inclusive AI based learning environments. The study emphasizes that effective implementation of AI can forester innovation, improve learning outcomes and building a more equitable and sustainable society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Allaberganova Nozima Sardor qizi, Qulmamatova Shahnoza A’zamjonovna (Author)
Innovative Approaches to Teaching Phonics in Primary English Classes
This paper discusses innovative approaches to teaching phonics in primary English classes and their role in improving young learners’ pronunciation, reading abilities and communication skills. The study emphasizes that phonics instruction helps children understand the relationship between sounds and letters, which is essential for developing literacy skills at an early age. Particular attention is given to interactive and student-centered teaching methods such as games, songs, flashcards, multimedia materials and digital technologies. The study also analyzes the views of Uzbek scholars on the importance of phonics and communicative language teaching in primary education. Furthermore, the research highlights how modern educational technologies increase learners’ motivation, classroom participation and confidence in speaking English. At the same time, several challenges are identified, including limited technological resources and insufficient teacher training in some schools. The paper concludes that innovative phonics instruction creates a more engaging and effective learning environment and significantly contributes to learners’ overall English language proficiency development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Umidaxon To‘lqinjon qizi Abdullayeva, Shahnoza A‘zamjonovna Qulmamatova (Author)
From Boredom to Curiosity: What Makes Learning Hard for Children
This article explores why children often struggle to concentrate and stay engaged in learning. Drawing on insights from neuroscience and developmental psychology, it explains how the ongoing development of the prefrontal cortex affects attention, self-control, and learning abilities. It also highlights children’s natural curiosity and their tendency to explore the world around them, which is often misunderstood as distraction. In addition, the article examines the impact of today’s highly stimulating digital environment on attention and motivation. The role of task design and the difference between external and internal motivation are also discussed. The article concludes that learning difficulties are not caused by laziness, but are linked to developmental processes and environmental influences. It emphasizes the importance of adapting learning approaches to better meet children’s needs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sevinch Mukhtorova Rustamovna, Qulmamatova Shahnoza (Author)
AI in Foreign Language Teaching: Benefits, Risks, and Innovative Classroom Approaches
Artificial intelligence has rapidly become part of foreign language education, especially through chatbots, automated feedback systems, adaptive platforms, and content-generation tools. This article examines how AI is reshaping foreign language teaching by focusing on three dimensions: pedagogical opportunities, educational risks, and classroom strategies for responsible integration. Using an integrative review of recent international literature and policy documents, the article synthesizes current findings on AI-supported language learning. The analysis shows that AI can expand opportunities for individualized practice, immediate feedback, speaking rehearsal, writing support, and teacher productivity. At the same time, significant risks remain, including overreliance on machine-generated content, reduced critical thinking, academic integrity concerns, bias, privacy risks, and unequal access. The article argues that AI should function neither as a replacement for the teacher nor as an unrestricted shortcut for learners. Instead, it should be used as a guided pedagogical assistant within clearly structured tasks, ethical rules, and authentic assessment systems. Practical classroom strategies are proposed, including prompt literacy instruction, process-based writing, supervised speaking tasks, reflective AI-use logs, and assessment redesign. The article concludes that the future of foreign language teaching in the age of AI depends on teacher agency, AI literacy, and a human-centered pedagogy that keeps communication, intercultural competence, and learner development at the center.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kulmamatova Shakhnoza A’zamjonovna (Author)
Pragmatic Awareness and Communicative Competence in Second Language Learning
Pragmatic awareness and communicative competence are essential components of successful second language learning. While grammatical knowledge enables learners to construct correct sentences, pragmatic competence allows them to use language appropriately in different social and cultural contexts. This article explores the relationship between pragmatic awareness and communicative competence in second language acquisition. The study examines the major components of pragmatic competence, including speech acts, politeness strategies, and contextual understanding. It also analyzes the difficulties faced by second language learners in developing pragmatic skills and discusses effective pedagogical approaches for improving communicative interaction. The findings demonstrate that pragmatic instruction significantly contributes to learners’ communicative effectiveness, intercultural understanding, and overall language proficiency. Therefore, pragmatic competence should be integrated into modern language teaching methodologies to prepare learners for authentic communication in multilingual environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Akramova Sarvinozkhon Avazkhon kizi, Kaxarova Iroda Sidikovna (Author)
Translanguaging in Uzbekistan’s Higher Education: Practical Strategies for Teaching Academic Writing
As Uzbekistan’s higher education system becomes increasingly integrated into the international academic community, the importance of English-medium instruction and academic writing skills continues to grow in universities. At the same time, many students in Uzbekistan use multiple languages—particularly Uzbek, Russian, and English—throughout their educational experiences. This situation creates certain tensions between English-based institutional requirements and students’ natural multilingual practices (Curry & Lillis, 2024; Rahman & Hu, 2025). This article reviews recent research on translanguaging in academic writing and proposes practical recommendations for implementing translanguaging pedagogy in higher education in Uzbekistan. Based on studies published between 2011 and 2025, pedagogical approaches that support multilingual students while maintaining the quality of English academic writing are identified (Tang et al., 2024; Sun, 2023). Recommended strategies include multilingual brainstorming, flexible drafting, peer feedback in a shared language, cross-linguistic genre comparison, adaptation of assessment practices, and responsible use of artificial intelligence (Yang & Lin, 2025; Almashour et al., 2025).
Copyright (c) 2026 Tolibjon Yuldoshev (Author)
Methods of Using Pedagogical Technologies Aiming to Improve Intercultural Communication Competence
This article extensively analyzes the importance of pedagogical technologies aimed at improving intercultural communication competence in the current globalization processes and the ways of their effective use. The features of the careful use of innovative technologies in the pedagogical process, the preparation of students for open and effective intercultural communication, and the implementation of modern communicative approaches are scientifically covered. The article also substantiates the importance of using practical and digital methods in the formation of intercultural competence, training and game tasks, project approaches, and working on real-life situations to increase students’ thinking and social activity. The conclusion shows the importance of the targeted use of pedagogical technologies to strengthen the spirit of cooperation and tolerance in a modern educational environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tajiboyeva Fotimakhon Voxidjon kizi (Author)
Developing Communicative Competence in English Language Education through Modern Interactive Methods
This article discusses the importance of developing communicative competence in English language education through modern interactive methods. In contemporary language teaching, learners are expected not only to master grammar and vocabulary but also to communicate effectively in real-life situations. The paper highlights the role of communicative activities, digital technologies, collaborative learning, and interactive teaching strategies in improving students’ speaking abilities and overall communicative competence. Further-more, the study emphasizes that modern educational technologies and learner-centered approaches increase students’ motivation, participation, and critical thinking skills in English language classrooms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sativoldieva Shoxsanam Utkir qizi (Author)
The Interpretation of Natural Symbols in Mystical Poetry
This article explores the evolution of the philosophy of nature and symbolic thinking in Eastern classical mystical poetry, focusing on “Gulshani Raz” by Mahmud Shabistari. The study aims to analyze how natural elements function not merely as aesthetic components but as symbolic vehicles expressing metaphysical and mystical concepts. Using a qualitative textual analysis method, the research identifies key symbolic patterns and philosophical interpretations of nature. The findings demonstrate that nature in “Gulshani Raz” embodies a dynamic system of symbols reflecting divine unity, ontological truths, and spiritual transformation. The study contributes to the broader understanding of eco-mysticism and symbolic cognition in classical Eastern literature.
Copyright (c) 2026 Feruzabonu Mannonova (Author)
Structural and Semantic Features of Abbreviations in the English and Uzbek Languages
This article presents a comparative analysis of the structural and semantic features of abbreviations in English and Uzbek. The major structural subtypes in English — acronyms, initialisms, clippings, and blends — are examined in detail. The specific characteristics of the Uzbek abbreviation system are analyzed, including the influence of agglutinative morphology and Soviet-era borrowings from Russian. The article also investigates the semantic development of abbreviations, processes of lexicalization, and pragmatic features in both languages.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hamidova Mohlaroyim O’lmas qizi, Aziza Saitxanova Xolmuxamedovna (Author)
Medialinguistics: Linguistic Features of Internet Language
This article provides a theoretical and scientific analysis of the role of medialinguistics in modern linguistics and the linguistic characteristics of internet language. As a result of the rapid development of information technology, internet communication has become an integral part of human life, significantly influencing the language system. The article explores the lexical, stylistic, pragmatic, and discursive features of internet language, including the semantics of abbreviations, emojis, visual signs, internet slang, and the linguocultural aspects of virtual communication. Furthermore, internet language is evaluated as a crucial object of modern medialinguistics, revealing its impact on the development of the national language. Descriptive, comparative, and discursive analysis methods were utilized during the study. The results indicate that internet communication not only expands the functional capabilities of language but also leads to the formation of new linguistic units.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ro‘Ziboyeva Sabina, Fotimaxon Baxtiyarova (Author)
The Role and Effectiveness of Digital Technologies in Modern Language Education
The development of information and communication technologies in the 21st century has brought fundamental changes to the field of education, particularly to the methodology of teaching foreign languages. This article analyzes the impact of digital tools (artificial intelligence, mobile applications, online platforms) and interactive teaching methods on the process of language learning. The paper also examines the integration of the traditional grammar-translation method with modern communicative and natural approaches. Based on the author’s practical observations, examples of the effectiveness of an individualized approach are provided. The conclusion argues that a balanced combination of digital and traditional education is the most promising way to educate future generations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mirzamurodova Dilnoza Aktam qizi, Axmedova Nodirabegim (Author)
Strengthening Communities through Education and Innovation: Practical Approaches and Modern Methods
This article explores the role of education and innovation in strengthening modern communities and improving social development. In today’s rapidly changing world, communities face different challenges such as unemployment, lack of quality education, technological inequality, and limited access to modern opportunities. The paper discusses practical approaches that can help solve these problems through inclusive education systems, digital learning methods, creative thinking, and innovative technologies. Particular attention is given to the importance of cooperation between schools, universities, local organizations, and government institutions in creating sustainable community development. The study also examines modern teaching methods that encourage critical thinking, communication skills, teamwork, and problem-solving abilities among students and young professionals. In addition, the article highlights how innovation can support economic growth, social stability, and equal opportunities for people from different backgrounds. Real-life examples and contemporary educational practices are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of these approaches in community improvement. Overall, the article emphasizes that education and innovation are not only tools for personal success but also powerful factors in building stronger, more connected, and progressive societies for the future
Copyright (c) 2026 Teshayeva Muxlisa Shodmon qizi, Muhayyo Ziyayeva (Author)
A Lexicographic Approach to Compiling an Ontological Dictionary of Information Technology Terms
This thesis analyzes lexicographic approaches applied in the process of compiling an ontology-based dictionary of information technology (IT) terms. Ontological modeling enables the identification and systematization of semantic and conceptual relationships among terms. The study develops an ontological model for IT terminology based on the principles of hierarchy, semantic connectivity, and formalization, and conducts an applied analysis of 15 selected terms. As a result, a lexicographic structure of an ontological dictionary is proposed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdullayeva Shaxnoza Raximjon qizi (Author)
The Transformative Role of AI in Education: Opportunities, Risks, and Ethical Implications
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into education has the potential to revolutionize traditional teaching and learning methods. This study explores the role of Artificial Intelligence in education with the main focuses on its impact on teaching and learning processes. Two of the main aims are to analyze the benefits and challenges associated with AI integration in educational settings. The study relied on a review of existing literature and current advanced technological practices. The findings prove that AI has been changing in education systems since its emergence, particularly, by enhancing personalized learning, improving efficiency, and supporting data-driven decision-making, while also raising some concerns related to ethics, data privacy, and even inequality. The study concludes that AI should be implemented responsibly as a supportive tool for educators to maximize its potential in modern education.
automated assessment in modern education
Copyright (c) 2026 Asadbek Torebayev Qurbanbayevich, Qodiriy Mahzuna Shavkatalievna (Author)
Developing Students’ Sociocultural Competence through Plurilingualism in the Uzbek Russian English Higher Education Environment
This thesis examines the development of students’ sociocultural competence through plurilingualism in the Uzbek-Russian-English higher education environment. It integrates local Uzbek research on bilingualism, plurilingual competence and sociolinguistic competence with CEFR-based mediation-oriented language education.
Debit, electrical energy, head, MDGs, turgo turbine
Copyright (c) 2026 Mukhiddinova Khadicha Sobirovna, Omanov Pulatjon Khabitovich (Author)
Teaching CLIL in Uzbekistan: Possibilities and Challenges in Local Schools
This thesis examines the feasibility of implementing CLIL in local schools in Uzbekistan. It highlights the benefits of integrating language and content learning while addressing challenges such as teacher training, curriculum limitations, and lack of resources. The study concludes that CLIL is possible with proper reforms and institutional support.
Content and Language Integrated Learning
Copyright (c) 2026 Ulug‘bek Baxodirov (Author)
Applying Interactive Audio-Lingual Approaches in Teaching Foreign Languages to Primary School Children
This article describes the Audio-Lingual method as an approach to teaching foreign languages to primary school children. The method helps young learners practice correct pronunciation, build simple sentences, and use language patterns automatically. It also reduces reliance on the mother tongue and encourages active participation with engaging and effective ways.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmonova Nigina, Saodat Agzamkhodjaeva (Author)
Innovative Technologies for Developing Students’ Communicative Competence Based on A Sociocultural Approach
In the context of globalization and increasing intercultural interaction, the development of communicative competence has become a central objective in foreign language education. This study explores the role of innovative technologies in enhancing students’ communicative competence through a sociocultural approach. Grounded in sociocultural theory, particularly the works of Vygotsky, the research emphasizes the importance of social interaction, cultural context, and collaborative learning in language acquisition. The paper analyses various digital tools and pedagogical innovations such as virtual exchanges, online collaborative platforms, mobile-assisted language learning applications, and AI-driven communication tools. These technologies are examined in terms of their effectiveness in fostering linguistic, sociolinguistic, and pragmatic competencies. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining theoretical analysis with practical classroom applications. Findings suggest that innovative technologies significantly enhance learners’ engagement, intercultural awareness, and real-life communication skills when integrated within a sociocultural framework. The paper concludes with recommendations for educators on how to effectively incorporate these tools into language teaching practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shodiyeva Nasiba Nurtosh Qizi (Author)
Emotivity and Expressiveness in Accusatory Speech Behavior
This article presents a linguistic and pragmatic analysis of emotivity and expressiveness in accusatory speech behavior. It examines the concept of accusatory discourse, its communicative characteristics, and the role and functions of emotive and expressive means in speech. Particular attention is paid to the special place occupied by accusatory speech behavior within social relations, as well as to the expression of emotions and the use of expressive linguistic devices in this process.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anora Norbo’tayevna Abduraimova (Author)
Prompt Engineering as a Tool for Enhancing English Language Learning
The rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies has led to the emergence of innovative approaches in the education system. In particular, prompt engineering — the process of designing effective instructions for artificial intelligence systems — has become an important pedagogical tool in enhancing English language learning. This thesis analyzes the pedagogical potential, effectiveness, and practical applications of prompt engineering in English language education based on scientific literature. The findings demonstrate that AI-powered platforms support independent learning, provide immediate feedback, and improve overall learning efficiency. Furthermore, prompt engineering contributes to the development of learners’ critical thinking, analytical abilities, and digital literacy skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Umarov Bobir Norboyevich, Mahkamova Sarvinoz Abdusalom Qizi (Author)
A Cognitive Discursive Framework for the Analysis of Fictional Texts: Integrating Cognitive Semantics and Discourse Studies
Contemporary cognitive linguists argue that the discipline’s core principle is the close relationship between language and human cognition. Current research explains how linguistic structures reflect and shape conscious experience by examining the interplay between speech production, thought processes and conceptualisation in the formation of knowledge about the world. Investigations address the ways in which cognitive operations underpin linguistic form and meaning, and how language mediates attentional, mnemonic and inferential mechanisms in turn. The constructs of “concept” and “discourse” have emerged as pivotal analytical categories that determine the orientation and methodology of modern linguistic enquiry. Treating discourse as a formalised model of language activity provides a useful approach for understanding the conceptual structures underlying communicative practice. By analysing discourse-level patterns, researchers can reveal cohesive frameworks, schematic knowledge and culturally informed interpretations that shape mental representations. Thus, discourse analysis within a cognitive framework provides insights into how linguistic embodiment, context and pragmatic structuring together instantiate and transmit world knowledge. This advances theoretical accounts of meaning formation and offers methodological approaches for empirical validation across corpora and experimental paradigms. This approach also fosters interdisciplinary collaboration and pedagogical innovation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Albina Bazarbaeva (Author)